Christ, Himself, instituted the Sacraments of the New Covenant with humanity. There are seven: Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Penance, the Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders and Matrimony.

The seven sacraments touch all the stages and all the important moments of Christian life: they give birth and increase, healing and mission to the Christian's life of faith. There is thus a certain resemblance between the stages of natural life and the stages of the spiritual life. (CCC, 1210)

Sacraments of Initiation

The Sacraments of Christian Initiation - Baptism, Confirmation, and the Eucharist - lay the foundations of every Christian life. The faithful are born anew by Baptism, strengthened by the Sacrament of Confirmation, and receive in the Eucharist the food of eternal life. By means of these Sacraments of Christian Initiation, they thus receive, in increasing measure, the treasures of the divine life and advance toward the perfection of charity. (CCC 1212)

Sacraments of Healing

This new life as a child of God can be weakened and even lost by sin.  The Lord Jesus Christ, the physician of our souls and bodies, who forgave the sins of the paralytic and restored him to bodily health, has willed that His Church continues, in the power of the Holy Spirit, His work of healing and salvation, even among her own members. This is the purpose of the two Sacraments of Healing: the Sacrament of Penance (also known as Reconciliation or Confession) and the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick. (CCC 1420-1421)

Sacraments of Service

Two other Sacraments, Holy Orders and Matrimony, are directed towards the salvation of others; if they contribute as well to personal salvation, it is through service to others that they do so. Those who receive the Sacrament of Holy Orders are consecrated in Christ's name "to feed the Church by the word and grace of God." For those who are called to the married life: "Christian spouses are fortified and, as it were, consecrated for the duties and dignity of their state by this special Sacrament [of Matrimony]." (CCC 1534-1535)